A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Trigger Point injections, Myofascial Massage techniques, and many more.
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Charlie
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A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Charlie »

The article linked to below is an excellent review of the historical development of trigger point theory and concepts and a step-by-step refutation of the theory, along with some interesting ideas about what this painful condition really is.

http://www.pain-education.com/referred-pain.html?

In this article, the hypothesis that pain arising from trigger areas within muscles is of primary myofascial origin is critically examined. It will be shown on epistemological, clinical, and pathophysiological grounds that the myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) construct is invalid and that the phenomena it purports to explain are better understood as secondary hyperalgesia of peripheral neural origin.
Last edited by Charlie on Tue Nov 23, 2010 8:30 am, edited 1 time in total.
Tried numerous medications as well as a long period of myofascial physical therapy combined with meditation/relaxation. My pelvic floor muscles are now normal and relaxed on exam ( confirmed by many Pelvic floor PTs) yet my pain remains the same. Also have intense leg pain. Deciding on next treatment.
HerMajesty
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by HerMajesty »

I agree with quite a bit in the article Charlie; definitely I agree that myofascial trigger points have a persistent underlying cause and are rarely if ever a primary disorder.
I agree less with the title of your post as I do not think this article debunks the validity of TrP TREATMENT - as long as there is an understanding that unless the underlying cause is eliminated first, TrP treatment is a potential source of symptom relief only and will not be curative.
I understand that in your case Charlie, trigger point work was inappropriately sold to you as a snake-oil cure-all for a complex condition. This is not much different than a neurologist giving me Neurontin and dismissing me as sufficiently treated...TrP treatment and Neurontin both have their role in the maintenence of some cases of PN - a MINOR role.
I tend thinkof TrP as a step in the right direction in the history of chronic pain treatment, because it was a step away from the biochemical model or worse yet the psychological illness model of chronic pain, and a step towards a biomechanical model.
When I got interstitial cystitis 25 years ago I was 1st exposed to the psycholocal illness model (girl must be crazy), then after diagnosis, to the biochemical model (let's give her pills and instill caustic chemicals into her bladder)...It was only after I spent 20 years avoiding Docs like the plague that I was introduced to ANY concept of biomechanics as a culprit in chronic pain. The first thing I was introduced to was TrP, and while the primacy of TrP in pathology IS a flawed concept, I cannot tell you how absolutely amazing it was the first time I walked into PT with severe bladder spasms, was give deep TrP massage of the abdomen, and walked out WITHOUT bladder spasms.
The overemphasis of TrP is just a stepping stone on the road towards a comprehensive biomechanical model of chronic pain syndromes; but it is was a necessary step in the right direction. TrP was very, very exciting to me for a little while until I realized its limitations...it is certainly not junk and it does have its role in treatment of many kinds of chronic pain. However the emphasis is treatment, not resolution...and its usefulness as a treatment wil vary depending on the disorder and the individual. From what I have seen around this board, TrP treatment tends to help very few people who have PN alone with no neurogenic bladder component. It only ever helped my neurogenic bladder and not my other neuropathy symptoms.
pelvic pain started 1985 age 14 interstitial cystitis. Refused medical care from age 17, did GREAT with self care for years.
2004 PN started gradually, disabled by 2009. Underlying cause SIJD & Tarlov cysts
improved with PT & meds: neurontin, valium, nortriptyline, propanolol. (off nortriptyline & propanolol now, yay!)
Tarlov cyst surgery with Dr. Frank Feigenbaum March 20, 2012.
Results have been excellent so far; but I won't know my final functional level for a couple of years.
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Charlie
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Charlie »

HerMajesty wrote:I agree with quite a bit in the article Charlie; definitely I agree that myofascial trigger points have a persistent underlying cause and are rarely if ever a primary disorder.
I agree less with the title of your post as I do not think this article debunks the validity of TrP TREATMENT - as long as there is an understanding that unless the underlying cause is eliminated first, TrP treatment is a potential source of symptom relief only and will not be curative.
TrP treatment tends to help very few people who have PN alone with no neurogenic bladder component. It only ever helped my neurogenic bladder and not my other neuropathy symptoms.
I agree with your post Hermajesty. I am not sure the title of the post is wrong though. It's a 'critical review' and does not claim to 'debunk' trigger point treatment.
Tried numerous medications as well as a long period of myofascial physical therapy combined with meditation/relaxation. My pelvic floor muscles are now normal and relaxed on exam ( confirmed by many Pelvic floor PTs) yet my pain remains the same. Also have intense leg pain. Deciding on next treatment.
HerMajesty
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by HerMajesty »

LOL OK, peace then :lol:
pelvic pain started 1985 age 14 interstitial cystitis. Refused medical care from age 17, did GREAT with self care for years.
2004 PN started gradually, disabled by 2009. Underlying cause SIJD & Tarlov cysts
improved with PT & meds: neurontin, valium, nortriptyline, propanolol. (off nortriptyline & propanolol now, yay!)
Tarlov cyst surgery with Dr. Frank Feigenbaum March 20, 2012.
Results have been excellent so far; but I won't know my final functional level for a couple of years.
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Charlie
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Charlie »

Another review of trigger points this time explaining how there is no reliable list of diagnostic criteria for a trigger point. Trigger point identification is subjective. Patients just have to trust their therapists judgement.

http://www.lukerickardsosteopath.net/di ... lications/
Despite the widespread acceptance of MTPs as an important clinical entity the diagnosis of MTPs is a source of continuing controversy. There are no accepted biochemical, electromyographic or diagnostic imaging criteria recognised as a definitive diagnostic gold standard.2 Furthermore, there is currently no reliable list of physical diagnostic criteria for MTPs.1 The detection of MTPs is solely dependent on manual palpation and patient feedback. These circumstances have raised concerns regarding the non-substantive manner in which MTPs are identified.

The authors concluded that the current evidence supporting the reliability of diagnostic palpation for MTPs is weak and further high quality studies are required
.
The study where this information was obtained from.

http://journals.lww.com/clinicalpain/Ab ... se.13.aspx
We conclude that there is as yet limited consensus on case definition in respect of MTrP pain syndrome. Further research is needed to test the reliability and validity of diagnostic criteria. Until reliable diagnostic criteria have been established, there is a need for greater transparency in research papers on how a case of MTrP pain syndrome is defined, and claims for effective interventions in treating the condition should be viewed with caution
Last edited by Charlie on Sat May 28, 2011 11:09 pm, edited 2 times in total.
Tried numerous medications as well as a long period of myofascial physical therapy combined with meditation/relaxation. My pelvic floor muscles are now normal and relaxed on exam ( confirmed by many Pelvic floor PTs) yet my pain remains the same. Also have intense leg pain. Deciding on next treatment.
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Cora
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Cora »

As someone who has been to Rhonda Kotarinos, Liz Rummer, and Sherese Hildenbrand, all who have dedicated their entire practices to treating pelvic pain for many many years now, I can tell you that PT has helped many pelvic pain patients either have improved quality of life, or return to normal activity. Before I go any further, the reasons I went to all 3, had to do with when I could get seen by them. I first flew to S.F to see Liz for a week, cuz it was weeks til I got in to see Rhonda. Then after several months with Rhonda, I trusted her recommendation to go see Sherese, so I would have a shorter commute. So, to continue, many patients are in severe pain due to PN, surgical scarring related to cancer surgeries, bowel surgeries, IBS, and other reasons that lead to bad connective tissue, trigger points, complex regional pain syndrome etc. I can tell you that there is both empirical data and patient data to support physical therapy. I was markedly improved after one week and I continued to improve to a point where I do have improved quality of life and data points to show improvement. 1.) improved sitting tolerance. 2) diminished urgency and frequency. 3) diminished central sensitization. I do however, have perpetuating factors that contribute to the cycle of pain. ( some are structural, and some visceral, some likely hormonal.)

I stopped PT about a year ago and next week I am returning because some of my symptoms have come back,( specifically decreased sitting tolerance and more centralized pain symptoms) and likely I will need significant maintenance PT to get me back to where I was a year ago. I stopped Pt because there was a point at which I did not continue to make progress but I was improved.

I think one of the primary frustrations for patients that are so very legitimate, is that many PT's take a week long course and then ride on that statement" I took a course, or I worked with Rhonda" and say they are a "pelvic pain specialist." And then they do a hodge podge of modalities that don't work, and they fit you in their schedule of mostly traditional PT patients.

I have known people who have moved to Chicago from Europe for example to see Rhonda Kotarinos and then spent over a year seeing her 4 hours a week, and have returned back to Europe to lead normal lives. Rhonda studied with Dr. Simons of Travell and SImons and she and unfortunately just a handful of other PT's have chosen to exclusively dedicate their careers to PT for pelvic pain patients. Just like with any disease, be it chronic pain, cancer, endocrine, nothing is curable to 100%, but I can vouch for my personal experience under these rather gifted hands, that I have felt trigger points melt away, and once when one was worked on, it never came back and that was what led to my improved sitting tolerance. I went from 0 minutes to 30 minutes. What is discouraging, is that so few PT's choose this field of work, because it is absolutely vigorous, exhausting physically and emotionally and it really takes a special person to apprentice, take the time to work with these true experts, often at their own expense. Every session that I had with Rhonda, Liz and Sherese now, I ask so many questions and I have learned so much about the pathophysiology of myofascial pain, and how localized pain syndromes can become centralized pain syndromes, and really, there is so much that we just don't know, but there is a lot that we do know.

When people ask me about PT if that is the route they choose, unfortunately there are truly only a few PT's in the world that have the skills to treat pelvic pain, hence all the rightful discouragement on the part of the patient. And the sad truth is, it's hard to get a PT interested, when hospitals won't pay for their education. All of the above PT's mentioned, took the risks to go out on their own, educate themselves, and set up private practice. None are affiliated with a hospital. Until there is true communication between the surgical specialists and PT's and much more published literature and research support, I'm afraid that many patients are left with few answers. I remain a part of this forum and Happy Pelvis, which is a PT focused forum, and by doing that, I have educated myself on a very broad approach to treating this most complex problem. I say this with humility and some expertise as an RN, and as someone who wishes they could say they are cured, but I'm not, but I've been helped by PT and in all likelihood I'll be going for many years to come. I'm grateful that I have that option, and I wish more people did.
Most recently,
Cora :)
Onset PN/PFD/centralized pain in Oct 06 after years of athletics,nursing career and dog training. PT for two years with improvement, now go for tune-ups and pain management. Stopped Cymbalta, was on M.S. Contin, then Kadian, and briefly Methadone for pain management, now off those meds and pain is well managed with Buprenorphine. Followed my pain management specialist.
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Charlie
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Charlie »

Cora wrote:. I can tell you that there is both empirical data and patient data to support physical therapy.
Sorry but you simply cannot make that claim. Physical therapy is an unproven treatment for pelvic pain. There has only ever been one randomized study for physical therapy for pelvic pain which was presented at the AUA in San Francisco this year. The results of this study are disappointing. If you can find another randomized study please correct me. PT's quoting success rates to patients should not be regarded as 'empirical data or patient data''. If they do not track patients after recovery success rates are I'm afraid made up.
Friday, 04 June 2010
SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA (UroToday.com) - This year there was a decided clinical focus in the podium session devoted to IC/BPS. There were many interesting and well-received presentations at this session, and coverage will concentrate on several of these sessions.

A highlight was a presentation by Dr. Chris Payne of Stanford, representing the Interstitial Cystitis Clinical Research Network of the NIDDK. He discussed the randomized, multicenter trial of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of myofascial physical therapy in women with IC/BPS as compared to an active control of global massage therapy.

Ten standardized treatments over a 3 month period were administered. The Global Response Assessment at week 12 was 26% in the global massage group and 59% in the myofascial physical therapy group (p=0.0012). No significant differences in secondary endpoints (pain, urgency, frequency, O’Leary Sant scores) were noted, though trends in all showed improvement. Blinding was attempted, but unsuccessful.

He concluded his presentation with the caution that this was a small group of highly select patients. The durability of the therapy remains unknown.

Presented by Christopher Payne, Mary Pat Fitzgerald, David Burks, J. Curtis Nickel, Emily Lukacz, Karl Kreder, Toby Chai, Phil Hanno, Robert Mayer, Claire Yang, Kenneth Peters, Harris Foster, J. Richard Landis, Liyi Cen, Kathleen Propert, and John Kusek at the American Urological Association (AUA) Annual Meeting - May 29 - June 3, 2010 - Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA USA
What is discouraging, is that so few PT's choose this field of work, because it is absolutely vigorous, exhausting physically and emotionally and it really takes a special person to apprentice, take the time to work with these true experts, often at their own expense.
I have heard this argument before. Again I am sorry but it is simply not true. Are we really meant to believe that a treatment can bring about huge relief from a common disabling condition yet PT's choose to not learn it? Especially when PT's can charge upwards of $150 an hour for a session. There are not many professions you can go into where you can charge that kind of hourly rate. The reason PT's do not commonly learn it is that there is currently no evidence that it works. If there was hard evidence that it works it would be being taught at every single unversity in the country. This is not a new treatment approach either that Universities are yet to catch up with. Travell and Simons did their work in the 1970's.
I stopped PT about a year ago and next week I am returning because some of my symptoms have come back,( specifically decreased sitting tolerance and more centralized pain symptoms) and likely I will need significant maintenance PT to get me back to where I was a year ago. I stopped Pt because there was a point at which I did not continue to make progress but I was improved.
In my opinion PT is pain management. It seems to rarely provides a cure even though it is frequently marketed as offering one. It should be be rightfully regarded as an alternative therapy not a proven one. The Study I have posted would agree with that assesment. As it clearly states ' the durabilty of the therapy remains unknown.' I strongly believe it is only fair to make patients aware of this before they spend money on this treatment approach. Most people will experience temporary relief, If you have a nerve entrapment in your back a massage will make you feel better but the improvement is rarely sustained.

I would also add that the best PT's to see are the ones that recognize it's limitations. If you have a nerve entrapment for instance no amount of PT will fix you. I accept that if you have a purely muscular problem it may well bring relief. It should still be regarded an an unproven approach.
Last edited by Charlie on Thu Jul 21, 2011 7:01 pm, edited 15 times in total.
Tried numerous medications as well as a long period of myofascial physical therapy combined with meditation/relaxation. My pelvic floor muscles are now normal and relaxed on exam ( confirmed by many Pelvic floor PTs) yet my pain remains the same. Also have intense leg pain. Deciding on next treatment.
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ezer
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by ezer »

Sorry but I am skeptical. For me I had 2 hours of pain relief for 45 minutes of PT. Always.
In the best case I know people that were better while doing regular PT but the instant they stopped for an extended period, the pain came back. I unfortunately know of no reliable case of a person that was completely healed. On the other end, I know several cases of sufferers embarrassed to come back on public forums to say that their PT cure did not last.
2002 PN pain started following a fall on a wet marble floor
2004 Headache in the pelvis clinic. Diagnosed with PNE by Drs. Jerome Weiss, Stephen Mann, and Rodney Anderson
2004-2007 PT, Botox, diagnosed with PNE by Dr. Sheldon Jordan
2010 MRN and 3T MRI showing PNE. Diagnosed with PNE by Dr. Aaron Filler. 2 failed PNE surgeries.
2011-2012 Horrific PN pain.
2013 Experimented with various Mind-body modalities
3/2014 Significantly better
11/2014 Cured. No pain whatsoever since
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Cora
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Cora »

[quote]interesting.do you know who these people are? who told you that story?

I usually avoid these discussions cuz they always seem so confrontational and at times I'm clumsy with my explanations but I'll try my best..., and we're just here to gather information. I certainly don't have any ulterior motive to say that PT is a cure all. It did not cure me but it made my life better. Please read my footer. I keep saying it isn't a cure for all, but it is for some, but it sure has helped me significantly and I hope I can get that back.

As for the question if I knew these people, yes.. I used to sit in waiting rooms with them in Chicago, go out to dinner with them and stand at hi-top tables, talk on the phone..as in now we are friends. I still correspond with one in Europe who is back to working full-time..., ( she was never on this site), but what I'll try to do is write to Liz Rummer, and Stephanie who are involved with the IPPS ( i think) and ask them about what studies are going on. It's ironic, I'm about to go pay 180.00 a session now, that is for 90 minutes and I once did get quite better, again not cured, sooo. I mean.. I'd rather save that money or spend it on something a little more fun than PT, I can assure you. So, I am hopeful that it will help my symptoms calm down as they did in the past. By the way, I was not helped by PT's who tried bio-feedback, visceral manipulation- stuff like that. I was helped by this type of PT
1) connective tissue work that is done in the style that RHonda Kotarinos taught to these Pt.s
2) trigger point release
3) internal work to teach me how to do pelvic floor drops and some neuro-mobilization maneuvers. When my pain was real awful, I had a few trigger point injections to help me tolerate the PT better.

But what I'll do again, is ask about any current research, I know Rhonda was going to be collaborating on some at least a few years ago that is what she told me. I'll ask my PT Sherese this week as she was at the recent Chicago meeting.

But again, i've known women who were as bad as me,( defined as : could not sit, painful intercourse, muscle aches, tender along the PN, golf-ball sensations inside, urinary urgency, frequency, etc) and went to PT- got better, and now I hear from them now and then and they are symptom free. One just had twins a year ago. There are people over on HP that are doing well, some aren't... but again, ezer, I undersand your desire for studies so I'll try to find out what is in the works. Also, I think again, we are dealing with people who have or develop co-morbid conditions that perpetuate symptoms and lead to a lot of centralization of pain and I think that is what is also going to be a big area of study. I'll write again when I have some answers regarding research, which we all want to help guide our decisions. I know how discouraging this is- I mean i've had this for 4 years now and I have empathy for everyone here, that's why I continue to be here, to try and help if I've learned something or had a positive experience, I'm here to learn, and give and receive support.
Onset PN/PFD/centralized pain in Oct 06 after years of athletics,nursing career and dog training. PT for two years with improvement, now go for tune-ups and pain management. Stopped Cymbalta, was on M.S. Contin, then Kadian, and briefly Methadone for pain management, now off those meds and pain is well managed with Buprenorphine. Followed my pain management specialist.
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Cora
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Re: A critical review of myofascial/trigger point treatment

Post by Cora »

p.s. I just noticed Mary Pat Fitzgerald's name on that presentation. She was at Loyola in Chicago and she and Rhonda worked together a lot. You could contact Dr. Fitzgerald as she is a uro-gynocologist who has been doing work in this field for years.
Onset PN/PFD/centralized pain in Oct 06 after years of athletics,nursing career and dog training. PT for two years with improvement, now go for tune-ups and pain management. Stopped Cymbalta, was on M.S. Contin, then Kadian, and briefly Methadone for pain management, now off those meds and pain is well managed with Buprenorphine. Followed my pain management specialist.
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